Key:  Phylum Ctenophora


Taken primarily from  Kozloff, 1987, 1996 p.79  (Copyright 1987, 1996, University of Washington Press.  Used in this web page by permission of University of Washington Press)
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1a  Body resembling a sac, without tentacles and not divided into a pair of large lobes at the oral end 2
1b Body solid, not saclike, either with a pair of conspicuous tentacles arising within sheaths on opposite sides of the body or with a pair of large lobes at the oral end (in which case there are small tentacles of 2 types in the cavity enclosed by the oral lobes) 4
2a Meridional digestive canals with branching diverticula in a layer just below the body surface (the branches between the canals, however, do not anastomose) 3
2b Meridional digestive canals without diverticula just below the body surface, although there are a few diverticula directed inward toward the pharynx (with spots of golden brown pigment, an undescribed species) Note: some other references seem to regard this species also as Beroe cucumis) Beroe sp.
3a Body colorless or with pink pigmentation (this pigment may be on the outer surface, especially near the ctenes, or distributed throughout the mesoglea, but it is not concentrated in the lining of the pharynx); pharyngeal canals not branched. Beroe cucumis
3b Pharynx intensely pigmented giving the ctenophore a striking red, purple, or nearly black color; pharyngeal canals with many diverticula (rare) Beroe abyssicola
4a Body with a pair of large lobes at the oral end; tentacles small, of two types (a pair of branched tentacles in sheaths near the mouth, and numerous small tentacles in tracts leading toward the mouth; both types are in the cavity enclosed by the oral lobes) 5
4b Body without a pair of large lobes at the oral end; tentacles conspicuous when extended, arising from sheaths on opposite sides of the body some distance from the mouth 6
5a Body surface smooth, colorless except for rows of darkly pigmented spots in line with the comb rows, but nearer to the mouth than these; length less than 12 (15) cm. Bolinopsis infundibulum
5b Body surface covered with yellow-orange papillae; length sometimes more than 20 cm (rare; an undescribed species) Leucothea sp
6a Tentacle sacs opening toward the aboral end of the body; tentacles with side branches (tentillae); mouth and pharynx relatively small 7
6b Tentacle sacs opening toward the oral end of the body; tentacles without side branches (tentillae); mouth and pharynx relatively large 10
7a Tentacle sacs angling away from the pharynx toward the body surface for their entire length 8
7b Tentacle sacs lying close to the pharynx for most of their length 9
8a Body nearly spherical; tentillae fairly numerous and not coiled into neat, pear-shaped bundles when contracted Pleurobrachia bachei
8b Body somewhat ovoid and flattened in the tentacular plane; tentillae sparse and coiled into neat pear-shaped bundles when contracted (an undescribed species) Euplokamis dunlapae
9a Body elongate, approximately cucumber-shaped, the length sometimes attaining 10 cm; tentillae sparse (rare) Hormiphora cucumis
9b Body ovoid, up to 2 cm long; tentillae numerous and crowded (tentacles red or pinkish purple, an undescribed species) Mertensia sp
10a With only 4 meridional digestive canals, these widely separated from the comb rows; tentacles with nematocysts (??), but without colloblasts; tentacle sheaths very long, with orange to brick-red pigment at the tentacle bases and also near the middle of the tentacle sheaths (rare) Haeckelia rubra
10b With 8 meridional digestive canals, these directly beneath the comb rows; tentacles without nematocysts, but with colloblasts; tentacle sheaths short and sometimes containing red pigment (additional orange-brown pigment may be present near the mouth and gonads) Dryodora glandiformis



Taxonomic Levels Represented in This Key:

  Bolinopsis infundibulum
  Dryodora glandiformis
  Hormiphora cucumis
  Hormiphora californiensis (not in Kozloff Key)
  Pleurobrachia bachei



Page created by Dave Cowles, 2007
Edited by: Dave Cowles, 2012-