| 1a |
Body, including the gills and long dorsal outgrowths (which resemble
cerata
of eolid nudibranchs)
rose-pink (length up to 2 cm) (Hopkinsia rosacea in key) |
Okenia rosacea |
| 1b |
Body not primarily rose-pink |
2 |
| 2a |
Anus on the midline at the posterior end of the body, situated in a
mantle groove between the foot and edge of the dorsum;
gills located on both sides of the anus; dorsum
without any outgrowths other than the rhinophores;
pale ochre spots
forming an intricate pattern on the otherwise white dorsum,
the pattern closely resembling that of the bryozoan Membranipora,
on which these dorids feed |
3 |
| 2b |
Anus on the midline of the dorsum,
one-half to one-fourth of the body length from the posterior end; gills
in a circle of semicircle around the anus (picture);
dorsal outgrowths include gills and rhinophores,
and may also include various types of papillae
or tubercles;
body may be white, but an intricate pattern of ochre
spots is absent, even in a few species that are found on bryozoans |
4 |
| 3a |
With a distinct notch on the posterior border of the dorsum;
with 6-14 gills on each side of the anus |
Corambe pacifica |
| 3b |
Without a notch on the posterior border of the dorsum;
with 2-4 gills on each side of the anus (Doridella steinbergae in
original key) |
Corambe steinbergae |
| 4a |
Dorsum usually
with some conspicuous large outgrowths in addition to the rhinophores
and gills, these outgrowths generally near the rhinophores
or gills or along the lateral margins of the dorsum |
5 |
| 4b |
Dorsum without
large outgrowths other than the
rhinophores and gills, although it may be almost completely covered
by tubercles
(example picture) or slender,
nearly microscopic papillae |
11 |
| 5a |
Body firm, due to spicules
in the dorsum;
with short, blunt, cylindrical papillae
arragned in 4-6 irregular longitudinal rows on the dorsum;
body white to cream, with brown to black spots scattered over the dorsum |
Aegires albopuncatatus |
| 5b |
Body relatively soft (if there are spicules
on the tubercles
of the dorsum,
they do not contribute to a supporting network); papillae,
if present, scattered, not arranged in irregular longitudinal rows; body
without brown to black spots on the dorsum |
6 |
| 6a |
Body somewhat flattened dorsoventrally; with numerous (over 40) slender,
club-shaped papillae
all around the margin of the dorsum,
and also with a few short papillae
in the central area of the dorsum;
body white or cream with bright orange on the tips of the papillae
and on the rhinophores,
but not on the gills and not on the dorsum
itself (Laila cockerelli in key) |
Limacia cockerelli |
| 6b |
Body not flattened dorsoventrally; with fewer than 30 papillae
of various shapes around the margins of the dorsum,
but none of these are slender and club-shaped; bright orange, if present
in the color pattern, found on the gills and in spots on the dorsum
itself, as well as on the papillae
and rhinophores |
7 |
| 7a |
With a few (about 10-15) small coronate
papillae along
the alteral margins of the dorsum;
with about 8-15 small, irregularly papillated outgrowths on the edge of
the oral veil; body white with deep orange or vremilion on the tips of
the gills, rhinophores,
tail, dorsal papillae,
and oral veil papillae,
and also in spots on the dorsum
itself (was Triopha catalinae in the original key) |
34 |
| 7b |
Without coronate
papillae on
the lateral margins of the dorsum;
without papillated outgrowths on the oral veil; body with little or no
orange anywhere |
8 |
| 8a |
With long, cylindrical, tapered papillae
on the dorsolateral margins between the rhinophores
and gills, and on the central area of the dorsum
anterior to the gills; with 14 pinnate
gills |
Okenia vancouverensis |
| 8b |
If long, cylindrical, tapered papillae
are present, they occur only at the edge of the oral
veil, lateral to the gills, and just anterior to the rhinophores
(papillae are
not usually present on the dorsolateral margins between the rhinophores
and gills, or on the central area of the dorsum
anterior to the gills; Palio zosterae, however, may have short,
blunt papillae
scattered over much of the body); with fewer than 8 pinnate
gills |
9 |
| 9a |
Background color white or cream, with markings of yellow or of both
yellow and black |
10 |
| 9b |
Body deep olive to black |
Palio zosterae |
| 10a |
With only yellow pigment on the tips of the papillae,
gills, and rhinophores;
with 3 parallel yellow lines between the rhinophores
and gills; with 2 long, simple papillae
on both sides of the body just anterior to the rhinophores;
with 3 or 4 erect papillae
on both sides of the gills; with 2 papillae
on the right and left edges of the oral
veil (Ancula pacifica in original key) |
Ancula gibbosa |
| 10b |
On all papillae,
gills, and rhonophores,
the color changes, proximally to distally, from black to yellow to white;
with yellow spots scattered over the dorsum
and with a yellow line on the edge of the foot; without papillae
just anterior to the rhinophores;
with 3-6 erect papillae
on both sides of the gills; with 6-12 papillae
on the right and left edges of the oral
veil |
Polycera tricolor |
| 11a |
Gills completely retractile into sheaths; rhinophores
relatively stout, not usually tapering gradually from the base to the tip
(photo) |
12 |
| 11b |
Gills not completely retractile into sheaths; rhinophores
relatively slender (when fully extended, usually at least 4 times as long
as wide at the base), tapering gradually from the base to the tip (photo) |
25 |
| 12a |
Without large, rounded tubercles
on the dorsum,
the entire surface being either nearly smooth, minutely villous,
or with very small tubercles
visible only with magnification |
13 |
| 12b |
With both large and small, rounded tubercles
scattered over the dorsum,
but the surface otherwise smooth |
14 |
| 13a |
Body mostly white to dusky
gray, orange, or dark brown, with markings up to 1.5 cm in diameter on
the dorsum,
each marking usually consisting of a brown spot (sometimes lighter
in the center) or else a white ring that encloses a brown ring with a dark
brown to black center (all these individuals were originally identified
as Diaulula sandiegensis
in the Kozloff key) |
33 |
| 13b |
Body off-white to pale yellow (seldom dusky
gray), without markings that consist of concentric white and brown rings
(small black spots, less than 1mm in diameter, are present, however) (Discodoris
heathi in key) |
Geitodoris heathi |
| 14a |
Body red or orange-red, sometimes with a few very small black spots
on the dorsum;
rhinophores
with 10-12 vertically oriented leaves and terminating in slender, simple
papillae |
Rostanga pulchra |
| 14b |
Body white, yellow, orange, or red, sometimes with yellow or dark spots;
rhinophoresperfoliate
(the leaves oriented horizontally, as typical for dorids) (picture) |
15 |
| 15a |
Body either yellow (ranging form pale yellow to lemon-yellow to dusky,
greensih yellow), orange-yellow, orange, or red, with darker (usually black)
spots on the dorsum
(but some specimens of Aldisa sanguinea, which is red, lack spots);
dorsum
not edged with a line of yellow pgment |
16 |
| 15b |
Body white, cream, or greensih (if white or cream, then sometimes with
yellow spots on the tubercles
of the dorsum);
without dark spots on the dorsum; dorsum
sometimes edged with a line of yellow pigment |
20 |
| 16a |
Body orange or red, usually with black spots on the dorsum |
17 |
| 16b |
Body some shade of yellow, greenish yellow, or orange-yellow (but not
decidedly orange or red), with at least some spots (except in unusual specimens) |
18 |
| 17a |
With up to 8 black spots, usually arranged in a single row on the dorsal
midline, from just anterior to the rhinophores
to the gills; body as a whole generally ranging from pale orange to red
(but some specimens are yellow, in which case the row of black spots on
the midline is the best diagnostic character) |
Aldisa cooperi |
| 17b |
With up to 5 black spots scattered over the dorsum,
not arranged in a row on the midline; body as a whole bright red (not likely
to be found north of Oregon) |
Aldisa sanguinea |
| 18a |
Length up to 1.5 cm; body mostly pale yellow, with reddish brown flecks
scattered over the dorsum
and with a few larger, dark brown spots near the midline, between the rhinophores
and gills; distal portions of rhinophores
brownish maroon; with reddish maroon spots at the bases of the gills (uncommon
north of Oregon) |
Hallaxa chani |
| 18b |
Length commonly more than 5 cm; body yellow, greenish yellow, or orange-yellow,
usually with black spots (these are rarely absent) on dorsum;
rhinophores
paler or duskier than the body, but not brownish maroon in their distal
portions; without reddish maroon spots at the bases of the gills
[Note: Peltodoris lentiginosa,
which is not in Kozloff's key, would key to here] |
19 |
| 19a |
Body yellow to orange-yellow; black spots usually present only between
the tubercles,
rarely on them (in unusual specimens, the black spots are absent); gills
and rhinophores
usually paler than the body; often exuding a considerable quantity of sweet-smelling
mucus when disturbed |
Peltodoris nobilis |
| 19b |
Body lemon-yellow to greenish yellow, rarely orange-yellow; black spots
present on the tubercles
as well as between them; gills and rhinophores
usually duskier than the body; exuding little mucus and almost odorless |
Doris montereyensis |
| 20a |
Dorsum almost
entirely greenish, but with a white margin |
Aldisa albomarginata |
| 20b |
Dorsum not
greenish |
21 |
| 21a |
Dorsum white
(rarely pale custard in Archidoris odhneri) or translucent white
with spots of white pigment, but without any clear yellow spots or lines |
22 |
| 21b |
Dorsum mostly
white, but with yellow spots and/or a yellow line around the margin (in
addition, the clavus
of the rhinophores
usually has some yellow to dark brown pigment) |
23 |
| 22a |
Dorsum low,
not arched, translucent white (the internal organs are partly visible)
with white spots of pigment; with a ring of tubercles
around the pits form which the rhinophores
and gills emerge; length not more than 3 cm |
Aldisa tara |
| 22b |
Dorsum high,
arched, opaque white (internal organs not visible); without a ring of tubercles
around the pits from which the rhinophores
and gills emerge; length commonly exceeding 5 cm, and sometimes reaching
10 cm (Archidoris odhneri in key) |
Doris odhneri |
| 23a |
With a continuous lemon-yellow line around the margin of the dorsum
and on the posterior margin of the foot; gills and most of the dorsal tubercles
with yellow tips; rhinophores
usulaly white, except for yellow at their tips |
Cadlina luteomarginata |
| 23b |
Without a yellow line around the margin of the dorsum
and part of the foot; gills without yellow tips, and yellow spots on the
dorsum
are generally large and mostly near the margin; rhinophores
dusky
brown to nearly black |
24 |
| 24a |
|
|
| 24b |
|
|
| 25a |
Dorsum covered
with slender, flexible, close-set papillae,
so that the surface appears fuzzy; papillae
(which are conical or nearly so) without spicules
protruding from their tips |
26 |
| 25b |
Dorsum with
stout, rounded tubercles,
so that the surface is firm rather than fuzzy; tubercles
(which may be conical, nearly conical, or mushroom-shaped) often with spicules
protruding from their tips |
28 |
| 26a |
Body white or slightly off-white (no other color on the
dorsum
or its outgrowths) |
Acanthodoris pilosa |
| 26b |
Body mostly white or some shade of gray, but with yellow, gray, or
brownish red (or some combination of these colors) on the dorsum
or its outgrowths |
27 |
| 27a |
Body mostly white, without gray on the dorsum, but with a continuous
lemon-yellow line around the margin of the dorsum;
with yellow on the tips of the rhinophores
and gills; usually with 5 gills |
Acanthodoris hudsoni |
| 27b |
Body mostly white to mauve-gray (there are many intergrades; darker
animals have dark gray splotches), without a yellow line around the margin
of the dorsum
[but see note in species page]; with yellow on the tips of the papillae
and brownish red on the tips of the rhinophores
and gills; usually with 9 [7-9] gills |
Acanthodoris nanaimoensis |
| 28a |
Body dull cream with irregular brown bands on the
dorsum,
or brown in general; length generally at least 1.5 cm |
29 |
| 28b |
Body usually white, cream, or pale orange, without any brown; length
usually less than 1.5 cm |
30 |
| 29a |
Gills
pinnate, almost
erect, 16 or more in number, arranged in a horseshoe-shaped pattern around
the anus (or fallen B, photo)
(the opening of the horseshoe is directed posteriorly); dorsal tubercles
mushroom-shaped, with spicules
protruding from their tips (photo);
body usually dull cream, with dark brown pigment in 2 or 3 irregular longitudinal
bands on the dorsum;
without yellow on the gills, tubercles,
rhinophores,
or edge of the foot |
Onchidoris bilamellata |
| 29b |
Gills bipinnate,
spreading outward when expanded, usually 5-7 in number, completely encircling
the anus; most dorsal tubercles
conical or nearly conical, almost none of them with protruding spicules;
body pale brown, with small splotches of black scattered between the tubercles;
with yellow on the tips of the gills,
tubercles,
and rhinophores,
and often around the edge of the foot. |
Acanthodoris brunnea |
| 30a |
Gills enclosed by a common sheath, this not closing over the gills
when they are retracted; tail with a mid-dorsal
ridge (photo) |
Diaphorodoris lirulatocauda |
| 30b |
Gills originating within separate pits, not enclosed by a common sheath;
tail without a mid-dorsal
ridge |
31 |
| 31a |
|
|
| 31b |
|
|
| 32a |
|
|
| 32b |
|
|
| 33a |
Usually with ring-shaped (occasionally solid) spots on the central
partof the dorsum.
Rings are often white enclosing a brown ring. Rings or spots are
only on the central region of the dorsum
and are not found out on the margin of the mantle. Usually subtidal in
our area. |
Diaulula
sandiegensis |
| 33b |
Usually with solid dark spots (rarely ring-shaped) on both the central
region of the dorsum
and out to the margin. Usually intertidal in our area. |
Diaulula
odonoghuei |
| 34a |
Body opaque white; clavus of rhinophore
and tips of gills darker than orange dorsal spots; dorsal tubercles
large and conical or round in shape. May have vermilion on some tubercles. |
Triopha catalinae |
| 34b |
Body translucent white or yellowish, clavus of
rhinophore
and tips of gills lighter than orange dorsal spots, dorsal tubercles
dendritic or flat and may be yellowish. |
Triopha modesta |