Key to Phylum Bryozoa

Taken primarily from  Kozloff, 1987, 1996  p. 424 (Copyright 1987, 1996, University of Washington Press.  Used in this web page by permission of University of Washington Press)

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1a	Zooecia calcified to at least some extent; apertures of zooecia either simple openings or closed by a lidlike operculum, but not closed by a constriction	Class Stenolaemata:Order Cyclostomata and  Class Gymnolaemata: Order Cheilostomata
1b	Zooecia not calcified, either united into a fleshy, leathery, or gelatinous mass or connected by stolons; apertures of zooecia closed by a constriction	Class Gymnolaemata: Order Ctenostomata

  Class Stenolaemata: Order Cyclostomata and Class Gymnolaemata: Order Cheilostomata
  Class Gymnolaemata:  Order Ctenostomata