Other Valuable Web Resources for Studying Marine Invertebrates

in the Puget Sound and Straits of Juan de Fuca:

 
 

Marine Stations on the Pacific Coast of North America
Rosario Beach Marine Laboratory:  Anacortes, WA, on Fidalgo Island.  Operated by Walla Walla College.  Undergraduate and M.S. level marine classes and research.  Parent site for this survey of invertebrates. Bodega Marine Laboratory:  In Bodega Bay, CA north of San Francisco.  Operated by the University of California, Davis
Friday Harbor Laboratories:  In Friday Harbor, WA, on San Juan Island.  Operated by the University of Washington.  Marine research by graduate students and faculty, upper-division classes. Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies:  San Francisco State University's center for marine and estuarine research.  Located on San Francisco Bay. 
Shannon Point Marine Center:  In Anacortes, WA on Fidalgo Island.  Operated by Western Washington University.  Undergraduate marine research and classes. Long Marine Laboratory:  Near Santa Cruz in Monterey Bay.  Operated by the Institute of Marine Sciences at UC Santa Cruz.
Blakely Island Field Station:  On Blakely Island, WA, one of the San Juan Islands.  Operated by Seattle Pacific University and Seattle University.  The Mission of the Blakely Island Field Station is to support excellence in education and research in field-based environmental and physical sciences while supporting the preservation and wise use of Blakely Island ecosystems. Moss Landing Marine Laboratories:  In Monterey Bay, CA.  Operated by California State University
Hatfield Marine Science Center:  On the Yaquina Bay estuary In Newport, Oregon.  Operated by Oregon State University.  A research and teaching facility. Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute:  In Monterey Bay, CA.  An independent institution affiliated with the Monterey Bay Aquarium.  Established by David Packard of the Hewlett-Packard Foundation.  Studies on biology and engineering in the deep sea.
Oregon Institute of Marine Biology:  Charleston, Oregon near Coos Bay.  Operated by the University of Oregon.  A research and teaching facility Hopkins Marine Laboratory:  In Pacific Grove, CA.  Operated by Stanford University
Marine Science Institute:  Is on the campus of the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Race Rocks Ecological Preserve:  A marine preserve near Victoria, BC, Canada, on the grounds of the old Race Rocks light station.  Sponsored by the Lester B. Pearson College, which offers the International Baccalaureate Program. USC Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies:  At Two Harbors on Catalina Island, off Los Angeles, CA.  Operated by the University of Southern California.  Studies marine and environmental topics
Bamfield Marine Sciences Center:  Bamfield, BC, Canada, on Barkley Sound on the protected side of Vancouver Island.  Operated by the Western Canadian Universities Marine Sciences Society.  Includes a Biodiversity database recording species found near the station. William G. Kerckhoff Laboratory:  In Newport Beach, CA.  Operated by California Institute of Technology.  Focus mainly on molecular and developmental studies of marine species.  No formal web page exists but you can find some info at http://biology.caltech.edu/facilities/
Western Association of Marine Laboratories (WAML):  An association of the non-profit marine laboratories operated by federal, state, university, and other non-profit organizations in the Western United States and Pacific Islands. Part of NAML, the National Association of Marine Laboratories. Scripps Institute of Oceanography:  Located in La Jolla, CA.  Part of the University of California, San Diego.  One of the west's eminent marine research laboratories.

 
 

Web Sites Focusing on Specific Marine Groups:
Seaslug forum:  A database of information on nudibranchs, hosted by Bill Rudman of the Australian Museum.  Includes more than 30,000 images and facts on over 1400 species Bryozoa:  Recent and Fossil.  Contains drawings, photos, and a glossary of bryozoan terms, links to bryozoan societies and sites, and on-line publications regarding bryozoans.  This site is maintained by Philip Bock of Deakin University, Australia.
Anthozoa.com:  A web site devoted to Anthozoans--taxonomy, experts in the field, species lists, other literature.  Operated by Vreni Haussermann, from Germany.  No specific information for the Pacific Northwest, but has taxonomic information, etc. Seashells of British Columbia:  Has photos and descriptions of British Columbia seashells.  By Peter Egerton, a shell collector, web designer, and photographer.
Hexacorallians of the world:  Anemones, corals, cerianthids, and their allies ascidians.com:  A web site based in the Netherlands and maintained by Arjan Gittenberger.  Contains photos and descriptions of a large number of ascidian species worldwide.  Also includes links to other ascidian websites and to an ascidian newsletter.
Crustacea.net:  The goal of this web site is to provide taxonomic information, keys, and morphological descriptions of the crustaceans of the world.  Managed by an international coalition of taxonomists. Ascidian Home Page for United States:  Home page for Ascidian news, a newsletter by Charles and Gretchen Lambert on ascidians.  Based in Seattle, WA and Fullerton, CA
World of Copepods:  This list is maintained by the C.B. Wilson Copepod Library at the Smithsonian Museum, Washington, DC.  It includes a bibliography of all known copepod and branchiura literature, a world list of copepod and branchiura researchers, and a list of specimens held by the Smithsonian Museum.  The taxonomic list is now part of the World Register of Marine Species. Claudia Mills' home page:  Claudia Mills is a specialist in gelatinous zooplankton, based at University of Washington's Friday Harbor Marine Labs.  Her web site contains a lot of information on gelatinous species, especially jellyfish.  The site includes a list of errata for Wrobel and Mills' 1998 book on Gelatinous Marine Zooplankton.
Alpheus Database:  Alpheids, especially genus Alpheus, are snapping shrimp.  We have no members of genus Alpheus here in the Pacific Northwest but we do have another genus in the family, Betaeus.  This database from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and maintained by Arthur Anker has a general description of family Alpheidae and covers many species in genus Alpheus. The Cephalopod Page:  Created and maintained by James Wood of the Bermuda Biological Station for Research.  Profiles a number of cephalopod species, has a searchable database on cephalopods, lists meetings on cephalopod biology, has photos and movies of cephalopods.
Decapoda Systematics Literature:  This web site, part of the tree of life project, is an assemblage of more than 7000 references on the systematics of decapods.  An increasing number, currently over 500, are available directly from the site as pdf files.  The site is maintained by Dean Pentcheff, Regina Wetzer, and Joel Martin of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, CA.  For the full site try this link:  Decapoda.nhm.org CephBase:  This database-driven web site covers all living cephalopods.  Created by James B. Wood and Catriona L. Day of Dalhousie University, it is housed at the University of Texas.  CephBase provides taxonomic data, distribution, images, videos, predator and prey data, size, references and scientific contact information for all living species of cephalopods (octopus, squid, cuttlefish and nautilus) in an easy to access, user-friendly manner.
Peracarida Taxa and Literature:  A database of references on some of the lesser-known Arthropods in Infraorder Peracarida (specifically, the crustacean orders Tanaidacea, Cumacea, and Mysidacea, and Lophogastrida).  Maintained by Gary Anderson at the University of Southern Mississippi Polyplacophora (Chitons) of the North American Pacific Coast:  This web site is maintained by Roger Clark
Guide to the Thalassinideans of the South Atlantic Bight (USA):  This is a guide to mud shrimp (such as Upogebia) and their relatives which live off the SE coast of the US.  The entire document is available as a pdf at this link.  Includes keys and diagrams.  Peer-reviewed and published by NOAA. Pacific Coast Gelatinous Zooplankton:  A web site put together by Dave Wrobel (see Wrobel and Mills book).
Amphipod Newsletter:  Published by the Tromso museum, Norway. Pacific Northwest Shell Club:  The web pages of this shell-collecting group contain photos of many local bivalve and gastropod shells and records of where the group has found them.
World Amphipoda Database:  Part of the MarineSpecies.org database. Glossary of Crustacean Terms:  Compiled by Joel Martin, Crustacean curator, Los Angeles County Museum.
Seastars of the Pacific Northwest:  This site by Neil McDaniel has great photos and brief descriptions of about 30 seastars found off British Columbia.  Many of the species are found in the Salish Sea, while others are more northern species. World List of Marine, Freshwater, and Terrestrial Isopod Crustaceans:  Maintained by Brian Kensley, Marilyn Schotte, and Steve Schilling at the Smithsonian Museum, Washington, DC.
Jellieszone.com:  This web site on gelatinous organisms (especially jellyfish) is maintained by Dave Wrobel.  Dave has spent time as curator of jellies at Monterey Bay Aquarium and New England Aquarium and is coauthor of the book Pacific Coast Pelagic Invertebrates. Lifedesks Nemertea:  This web site focuses on taxonomy and descriptions of nemerteans, apparently coordinated by the International Congress of Nemertean Biology.  The nemertean descriptions are very useful.
ATOL (Assembling the Tree of Life) Decapoda:  This site from the Los Angeles Museum of Natural History contains thousands of article references, many available as pdf files, on the systematics of decapod crustaceans.  The site also contains a list of decapod genera and a glossary of decapod biology. Chaetognatha web page.  By Erik Thuesen, the author of the Chaetognatha section of Carlton, 2007 (Light and Smith manual, Intertidal Invertebrates of Central California).
Gastropods.com: Hardy's Guide to Marine Gastropods: In 2018 contains a worldwide list of about 60,000 gastropod and scaphopod species, with photos of about 23,000. Based on several collections, especially the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. Maintained by Eddie Hardy, who is apparently a serious shell collector.

 
 

Miscellaneous Web Sites:
ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System):  From the USDA.  Contains taxonomic information on a large number of species found in the US, plus links to gene databases, PubMed articles, etc.  A great source for information. British Columbia Marine Life:  Photos of species from various marine groups.  This web site is maintained by elasmodiver.
iSpecies.org:  This site, produced by systematist Roderick Page at the University of Glasgow, compiles a profile of what is known about species it is queried about "on the fly".  Information includes taxonomic information from ITIS, molecular data, online images, and recent articles and abstracts from Google Scholar.  A great resource! Khoyatan Marine Laboratory:  Sidney, BC.  A consulting laboratory specializing especially on marine sponges.  For over 30 years Khoyatan Marine Laboratory (KML) has been providing specialized consulting services on a wide range of marine topics. These include:  Environmental Impact Assessment, including oil spills.  Fishery Feasibility Studies, Species Identification, Biota Surveys, 
Assessments of rare, threatened, and endangered species 
Species 2000:  This extensive database is also supported by ITIS.  It is an attempt to catalogue all species (animals, plants, fungi, and microbes).  The database is based at the University of Reading, UK.  Besides its own list of species the site has links to many other "federated" databases.  As of May 2005, does not yet catalog invertebrates but it does include fish. British Columbia Creature Page:  Contains photos and brief descriptions of many marine species in British Columbia.  Many of the species listed can be found only by diving.
Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology:  A detailed, downloadable and searchable dictionary in pdf format.  Primary editor is Armand R. Maggenti from University of California, Davis.  Fotosearch.com:  This commercial web site of stock photos contains thousands of photos of marine species, along with many other types of photos.  They may be viewed for free but charge a fee of $9.00 or more for use.  Another affiliated site, Can Stock Photos, offers many other photos, videos, and maps for a low price or free.
Tree of Life:  This web-based project is an attempt to catalog the relationships among all living groups.  Contains contributions from biologists from around the world, and currently is composed of more than 3000 web pages. Underwater Photos.com:  This site, by diver and photographer Gary McCarthy, contains many photos of underwater species, mainly from the warmer waters of southern California, Hawaii, and the Caribbean.
Universal Biological Indexer and Organizer:  (http://www.ubio.org) A digitized, online, searchable index of all described animal genera from Linnaeus down to the year 2004.  Includes searches of the complete version of the journal Nomenclator Zoologicus, published for the Zoological Society of London.  This online version was developed by David P. Remsen, Catherine Norton, and David J. Patterson,  Biol Bull 2006 (210) 18-24 Systematic Publication Database of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, CA:  A searchable archive of systematics references for species and groups found along the Pacific coast.
IDigBio.org:  The center for hundreds of thousands of digitized records of thousands of species in museums across the US, including many marine species.  Funded by the National Science Foundation.  Photographs of many of the species are included. Gograph.com:  Another commercial web site that includes many good images of marine species such as sea slugs.
A Snail's Odyssey:  This educational web site by Thomas Carefoot of the University of British Columbia contains descriptions of the basic biology, photographs, and synopses of important scientific studies of a multitude of intertidal invertebrates found on the west coast of North America.  The purpose is to provide summaries of what is known about the invertebrates in order to stimulate further undergraduate and graduate studies.  The site's rich content currently includes thousands of photos and summaries of over 4000 scientific papers.  The organizing theme is a journey of a littorinid snail from subtidal water up to the upper intertidal. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature:  Specifies the rules for naming species such as these marine invertebrates.
OBIS:  The Ocean Biogeographic Information System:  A cooperative venture of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, U.S. Office of Naval Resarch, National Science Foundation, and National Oceans Partnership Program, Australia's CSIRO, Rutgers University, and the Kansas Geological Survey.  Provides biogeographic information from around the world.  Can be searched by taxon or region.  Part of the 10-year Census of Marine Life initiative. Lophelia.org:  This web site focuses on deep coldwater reefs from several regions of the world, including the Aleutian Islands here in the NE Pacific.  Contains maps, photos, and descriptions of deep reefs.
H.M.S. Challenger Library:  The British H.M.S. Challenger expedition from 1873-1876 was one of the greatest oceanographic expeditions of all time and set off a surge of oceanographic studies around the world.  It resulted in 80 volumes and over 30,000 pages of reports.  A huge number of new marine species were discovered and described.  This link to the Library of 19th Century Science, which is operated by volunteers, provides access to all the Challenger volumes.  One may view individual pages or purchase volumes on CD or DVD.  Biodiversity Heritage Library:  Archives thousands of older or government-sponsored biological books and articles and makes them available online (often as pdf files).  Examples include the entire 'Proceedings of the United States National Museum'.  Also serves as the foundational literature component of the Encyclopedia of Life
Animalbase.org:  This database, based at the University of G?ttingen in Germany, specializes in digitized versions of early species descriptions.  It contains links to more than 7000 digitized papers from 1500 on, including works by Carolus Linnaeus.  Nearly all the works relative to species descriptions are complete up to 1770.  Some references from later years are already included and the database continues to be updated. Searches can be made by original taxonomic name, current taxonomic name, group, author, etc. NISBase.org:  This web site, based at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center in Edgewater, Maryland, gives you access to a variety of databases which list invasive (exotic) species.  Just enter your criteria and the geographic area of interest on the front page and the site will retrieve records from a variety of relevant databases.
MarineSpecies.org: Toward a world register of marine species.  This web site is a collaborative project by a worldwide group of marine taxonomists.  It contains searchable databases of  species names for a number of marine groups including  sponges, several crustacean groups, pycnogonids, phoronids, and ophiuroids.  Besides species lists it includes some depth and distribution data.  Marine Species Identification Portal:  This European site is an initiative of ETI BioInformatics under MARBEF (an EC funded network of Excellence) and KeyToNature (a project in the EC e-contentPlus Programme). In 2008 it incluced keys to 9875 species and 5545 higher taxa, with descriptions and illustrations, synonyms and vernacular names.  It was contributed to by a wide network of scientists and is continuing to grow. 
Biodiversity Heritage Library:  This web site is an attempt by a consortium of major libraries such as the American Museum of Natural History, The Field Museum (Chicago), Harvard University botany libraries, Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, etc. to make classical literature on biological species available online.  Documents include many classic books and journals, as well as a number of recent works (example:  Kensley and Schotte, 1989.  Guide to the Marine Isopod Crustaceans of the Caribbean, published by the Smithsonian Institution Press.  Contains photos and descriptions of over 225 species, covering all known Caribbean species except Epicaridea).  Most are available as pdf files. WoRMS:  World Register of Marine Species:  This site is an attempt by a number of universities and government agencies to make a standard register of taxonomic names and classification of marine species.  Countries involved include many european countries, as well as South Africa and New Zealand as well as some participation by US scientists.  The site is maintained by taxonomists.  Current "world lists" include groups such as Poriphera, Pycnogonids, several groups of Crustaceans, and Ophiuroids.  The site has some more comprehensive regional lists as well, but these focus mainly on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology:  This entire line of zoological volumes from the Smithsonian, many of which deal with marine species, is available online. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences:  This entire line (initiated in the 1970's) is available online, including a volume on Pacific Northwest foraminiferans.
Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences:  This journal frequently carries articles about marine species along the Pacific coast of North America.  Articles since 2000 can be found online. Encyclopedia of Life:  A joint project by a variety of scientists and organizations such as the Smithsonian, Woods Hole Biological Laboratory, Harvard University, the Field Museum in Chicago, and the Biodiversity heritage library to make a database with a page for each known species on earth, with many links to different types of information, taxonomy, ecology, etc.  Information is present on many marine groups.  This web site is a content partner to the Encyclopedia of Life.
Morphbank:  A web site hosted by Florida State University which contains photos of thousands of species, including many marine species.  Includes links to ITIS.  The photos are available for "fair use". Census of Marine Life:  This international effort is sponsored by many organizations and government agencies (spearheaded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation).  Based in Washington, D.C., the 80+ nation organization has a 10-year initiative to census marine species with emphasis on presence, distribution, and abundance for each species.  The first comprehensive census is to be released in 2010. 
Global Names Index:  This web site collects scientific names from a large number of other sites, including barcode of life, NCBI, GBIF, ITIS, etc.  Its main sponsors seem to be GBIF and EOL (Encyclopedia of Life).  Any individual may add names to the index.  Its intent is to become a list of all scientific names, whether correctly used or not.  Inclusion in the index does not verify that the name is correct, but the index may provide links to other resources that can help clarify the matter. GBIF:  Global Biodiversity Information Facility:  This site is an international, government-funded collaboration for making biodiversity and bioinformatics information freely available online.  Its data portal allows one to search for information by species, by country, or by database.
Listentothedeep.com:  This web site links to near real-time listening to a variety of deep-sea hydrophones distributed around the world.  The site is run by the LIDO consortium (Listening to the Deep Ocean Environment). NEMESIS:  National Estuarine and Marine Exotic Specis Information System:  This database, created and maintained by the Marine Invasions Research Laboratory at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, provides comprehensive information on approximately 500 introduced marine and estuarine species of invertebrates and algae.  The database can be searched by region or by taxonomic category.  Currently the strongest emphasis is on species on the US east coast.
Antarctic Invertebrates:  The Smithsonian Museum collection of nearly 19 million specimens.  Includes many photos, a bibliography, and a list of taxa for species near Antarctica to 30 degrees S. SeaDoc Society:  Located on Orcas Island and sponsored by the UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, this web site focuses on many aspects of the ecosystem health of the San Juan Islands and Salish Sea.  It includes information on various Salish Sea species, accounts of ongoing research, maps of the Salish Sea floor, etc.  A great site to visit for more information on the Salish Sea.
ZooBank:  This site by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is a repository for data on recent changes in zoological names.  It is the official registry of zoological nomenclature and provides a means to register new nomenclatural acts, published works, and authors. Northwest Straits Foundation works in the region near the Rosario Beach Marine Lab to promote scientific, education, and restoration projects and programs of the Northwest Straits Marine Conservation Initiative.
E-FaunaBC:  This web page, maintained by the Laboratory for Advanced Spatial Analysis at the University of British Columbia, functions as an electronic atlas for the wildlife of British Columbia, Canada, including marine invertebrates.  Each species listed has an accompanying atlas map showing where it has been found in BC, plus references to other online databases where more information can be found. Encyclopedia of Puget Sound:  This website is published by the University of Washington's Puget Sound Institute.  Its purpose is to be a central source for integrated scientific information about Puget Sound and the Salish Sea watershed for scientists, academics, and policy makers.
Natureserve Explorer:  This web site catalogs estimated conservation status and level of endangerment for thousands of species in North America.  It makes estimates of status on many species that cannot be listed on government web sites because no formal status can be assigned to a species on a government web site unless some very specific studies (usually underfunded) are made of it. iBOL International Barcode of Life:  A project with the goal of recording DNA sequences from all the living species possible, in order to facilitate identification.  A central database for iBOL is called BOLDSystems
Adventurers and Scientists for Conservation (ASC):  This organization caters to outdoor extreme enthusiasts who want to go to exotic places to collect environmental data for scientists.  The organization pairs the scientists with the adventurers. Publications of Seto Marine Biological Laboratory  (P-SMBL):  Seto Marine Biological Laboratory is associated with Kyoto University, Japan.  It has been publishing in Marine Biology since 1949.  Its journal is the 'International Journal for Marine Biology'.

Web Sites Dealing with Introduced Species along the Pacific Coast of America, especially the Salish Sea area:


 
NEMESIS:  The National Exotic Marine and Estuarine Species Information System.  This national database has a list of about 500 introduced marine and estuarine invertebrate and algae species in the United States.  Specific species reports are available only for tunicates, crabs, shrimp, and crayfish. National Invasive Species Council:  Established by Executive order in 1999, involves 13 Federal departments and coordinates plans for dealing with invasive species. The Aquatic Invasives page at the National Invasive Species Council Information Center contains a list and descriptions of some of the most important aquatic invasive species in the United States. 
Aquatic Invasive Species page for the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife:  Covers plants and animals, freshwater and marine.  Has a special section on invasive tunicates, along with descriptions of invasive tunicates in Washington waters. New York Invasive Species:  This web site covers more than just New York.  It has incorporated the material from the former National Clearinghouse for Aquatic Nuisance Species which was formerly maintained by Sea Grant (but was closed because of budget cuts)
Aquatic Nuisance Species Project:  Covers the entire Columbia River Basin.  Lists freshwater and marine invasive species that may be found along the course of the Columbia River, including algae, Chinese mitten crabs, green crabs, Atlantic Salmon, Spartina eelgrass, etc.  Maintained by Bonneville Power Administration with input from US Fish and Wildlife, NOAA, and the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission. US Geological Survey NAS (Non-indiginous Aquatic Species) site:  Includes species lists for Bryozoans, Cnidarians, Crustaceans, Mollusks, and Vertebrates.  No longer being updated because of budget cuts.
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Marine Invasions Research Lab:  Based at the Smithsonian Institution.  Gary M. Ruiz, Senior Scientist. Canadian Aquatic Invasive Species Network (CAISN), a part of NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council), Canada. 
Exotic Introductions into British Columbia Marine Waters, Major Trends:  Part of E-Fauna BC, The electronic atlas of fauna of British Columbia.  Contains a list of known marine introductions in British Columbia. Aquatic Invasive Species Page by Fisheries and Oceans Canada:  Contains photos and links to information and booklets on a number of marine introduced species found in Canada.
Marine Invasive Species Lab:  Lab of Evgeny Pakhomov, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.  Contains information on projects the lab is doing and on BC invasive marine species. Oregon Invasive Species Hotline:  To report suspected invasive species discovered in Oregon.  Has databases on plants and animals, mostly terrestrial and freshwater.
Invasive Species Compendium:  a site maintained by CABI.org, a not-for-profit international consortium.  Some of the marine species pages seem not well developed yet, but can contain some information on species invasive internationally. Global Invasive Species Database:  100 of the World's Most Invasive Alien Species.  Includes terrestrial, aquatic, and marine species. An international organization.
NonIndiginous Species Page of the Western Ecology division of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):  Links to a large pdf atlas listing marine and estuarine ononindiginous species in the western US, along with environmental and habitat information for each species.  Also links to a Microsoft Access file, PICES, which was used to generate the atlas. The Exotics Guide:  Non-Native Marine Species of the North American Pacific Coast:  This web site, by Andrew Cohen and produced by the Center for Research on Aquatic Bioinvasions of the San Francisco Estuary Institute, contains photos and descriptions of many exotic species.  San Francisco Bay is one of the main centers for aquatic invasive species on the west coast, so this site should have a firsthand look at many of them.  The site also attempts to catalog species found elsewhere along the Pacific coast.
IUCN Red List:  This is a list of the endangered status of species around the world by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).  For each species the IUCN assessment is given, along with an explanation of why it is endangered (including because of competition from introduced species) Green Crab web pages from University of Washington College of the Environment, for Washington State Sea Grant:  Green Crabs threaten to become established in Washington State waters.  This web site details for citizens how to identify them and whom to contact if they are found.

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Salish Sea Invertebrates web site provided courtesy of Walla Walla University