| 1a |
Mouth separate from the proboscis
pore, and both openings located on the ventral side of the head
posterior
to the brain; proboscis
without stylets
(Class Anopla) |
2 |
| 1b |
Mouth united with the proboscis
pore, the single opening located at the anterior tip of the head (photo);
proboscis
armed with a stylet
(except
in the leechlike genus Malacobdella)(Class Enopla) |
23 |
| 2a |
Head without cephalic
slits (Order Palaeonemertea and one species [Baseodiscus
princeps]
of the order Heteronemertea) |
3 |
| 2b |
Head with cephalic
slits (Order Heteronemertea) |
10 |
| 3a |
With conspicuous nematocyst-like
structures in the epidermis; length not exceeding 1 cm; interstitial |
Cephalothrix pacifica |
| 3b |
Without nematocyst-like
structures in the epidermis; length usually much greater than 1 cm; not
interstitial |
4 |
| 4a |
Body either with conspicuous white rings or
longitudinal lines, or
both |
5 |
| 4b |
Body color more or less homogeneous, with neither rings
nor longitudinal
lines |
7 |
| 5a |
General color deep red, interrupted by white rings that
are spaced
at intervals about equal to the width of the body; without longitudinal
lines; anterior margin of head white |
Tubulanus albocinctus |
| 5b |
General color brownish, interrupted by white rings;
with white longitudinal
lines; anterior margin of head not white |
6 |
| 6a |
General color orange-brown to chocolate; with 5 or 6
longitudinal lines
consisting of densely packed white dots (besides a mid-dorsal line,
there
are 2 lines on both the right and left sides of the body, and sometimes
a faint mid-ventral line is present); white rings evenly spaced |
Tubulanus sexlineatus |
| 6b |
General color dark brown throughout most of the body,
although the
posterior region is slightly lighter; with 3 white longitudinal lines
(a
continuous mid-dorsal line and 2 lateral lines that are broken into
dashes
anteriorly); white rings not evenly spaced (the anteriormost band of
white
pigment lies just behind the level of the mouth and forms a V on the
ventral
surface) |
Tubulanus capistratus |
| 7a |
General color cream, not more than 50 cm |
8 |
| 7b |
General color ochre,
orange, or reddish; length commonly exceeding 1 m, and sometimes
attaining
3 m |
9 |
| 8a |
Generally 10-30 cm long and flattened posteriorly; head
milky white;
intestinal diverticula conspicuous (gravid
females pinkish in the intestinal region; males that contain sperm are
light orange in this part of the body) |
Carinoma mutabilis |
| 8b |
Less than 3 cm long and very slender; head not milky
white; intestinal
diverticula not conspicuous (gravid
females may have mid-dorsal and mid-ventral stripes between the
cream-colored
ovaries that are in the lateral portions of the body) |
Tubulanus pellucidus |
| 9a |
Head without eyespots and without a pair of
anteroventral grooves;
color uniformly orange or reddish |
Tubulanus
polymorphus
Renier, 1804 |
| 9b |
Head with numerous eyespots and with a pair of oblique
grooves on the
anteroventral surface (these grooves are inconspicuous); color deep ochre
to brownish |
Baseodiscus
princeps |
| 10a |
Caudal
cirrus
absent; length of proboscis
sheath variable (it may be much shorter than the body or nearly as long
as the body) |
14 |
| 10b |
Caudal
cirrus
present (it may be missing, however, if the posterior end has been
damaged);
proboscis
sheath usually as long as the body |
11 |
| 11a |
|
|
| 11b |
|
|
| 12a |
|
|
| 12b |
|
|
| 13a |
|
|
| 13b |
|
|
| 14a |
Body relatively soft and slender, not markedly
flattened or otherwise
adapted for swimming; length usually less than 50 cm |
15 |
| 14b |
Body firm and markedly flattened posteriorly, adapted
for swimming;
length sometimes more than 50 cm |
17 |
| 15a |
Body with distinct transverse
rings of a contrasting color |
16 |
| 15b |
Body color homogeneous (creamy tan to pale salmon) and
lacking transverse
rings of a contrasting color (tip of head white) |
Micrura alaskensis |
| 16a |
Dorsal
surface mostly
dark brown or purple, but with regularly spaced, transverse
white lines that divide the dark color into rectangles (ventral
surface ivory white); dorsal
surface of head with a conspicuous orange triangle. |
Micrura
verrilli |
| 16b |
General color deep chestnut or some shade of brown,
interrupted by
irregularly spaced white rings; anterior
tip and sides of head with a white border (the body fragments readily) |
Micrura wilsoni |
| 17a |
|
|
| 17b |
|
|
| 18a |
|
|
| 18b |
|
|
| 19a |
|
|
| 19b |
|
|
| 20a |
|
|
| 20b |
|
|
| 21a |
|
|
| 21b |
|
|
| 22a |
|
|
| 22b |
|
|
| 23a |
Body leechlike, with a muscular attachment disk at the
posterior end;
proboscis
without a stylet;
commensal
in the mantle cavity of bivalve molluscs (Siliqua
patula, Macoma
nasuta, M. secta, and probably
others) |
Malacobdella sp |
| 23b |
Body not leechlike, and without a muscular attachment
disk at the posterior
end; proboscis
with a
stylet;
not commensal in the mantle cavity of bivalve molluscs |
24 |
| 24a |
Semi-terrestrial, generally found under rocks and
driftwood at the
edges of bays and saltmarshes, at a level reached only by the highest
tides
(dorsal surface grayish green or bluish green, with a poorly defined,
darker
longitudinal stripe; with 4 clusters of eyespots on the head, the
anterior
clusters with about 40 eyespots each, the posterior clusters with about
20 eyespots; length up to 25 cm) |
Pantinonemertes californiensis |
| 24b |
Truly marine, not restricted to a level reached only by
the highest
tides |
25 |
| 25a |
Stylet
shaft with helical
grooves and ridges |
26 |
| 25b |
Stylet
shaft smooth |
29 |
| 26a |
With a conspicuous statocyst dorsal to each half of the
brain; length
usually less than 5 mm; interstitial |
Ototyphlonemertes americana |
| 26b |
Statocysts absent; length much greater than 5 mm, not interstitial |
27 |
| 27a |
Proboscis
sheath
less than 1/5 the length of the body; proximal portion of stylet
discoidal and inconspicuous; length up to 1 m (fairly stout and
conspicuously
flattened; color typically tan, with light brown specks, or slightly
purplish;
dorsal surface darker than the ventral surface) |
Emplectonema purpuratum |
| 27b |
Proboscis
sheath
more than 1/5 the length of the body; proximal piece of stylet
prominent; length not often more than 30 cm |
28 |
| 28a |
Dorsal surface brown to purple-brown, ventral surface
creamy yellow;
typically with 2 or 3 sacs of reserve stylets
(an average of 4 stylets
in each sac) |
Paranemertes
peregrina |
| 28b |
Color uniformly flesh to pale orange; typically with
4-6 sacs of reserve
stylets
(about 6 stylets
in each
sac) |
Paranemertes sanjuanensis |
| 29a |
|
|
| 29b |
|
|
| 30a |
|
|
| 30b |
|
|
| 31a |
|
|
| 31b |
|
|
| 32a |
|
|
| 32b |
|
|
| 33a |
|
|
| 33b |
|
|
| 34a |
|
|
| 34b |
|
|
| 35a |
|
|
| 35b |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|